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The Role of Infant Formula Q&A

Published by IFM

What are some of the reasons for choosing not to breastfeed?

According to UNICEF, breastfeeding globally has increased by 15 percent over the past 25 years. Rates have increased during the last decade, with up to a 48 percent increase in exclusive breastfeeding in some regions.

Mothers may choose not to breastfeed for social, cultural, health or socio-economic reasons. In a small number of cases, a mother is not able to breastfeed or provide enough milk for her baby's nutritional needs. Other reasons a mother might choose not to breastfeed include: when she suffers from an infectious disease that might be transmitted to the baby; when she is taking medication that could be excreted in the breast-milk; or when she has been exposed to hazardous environmental agents.

Lifestyle choices and employment outside the home, combined with legislation that does not allow for adequate maternity leave or breaks during work hours for breastfeeding or pumping, also play a decisive role.

If a mother has questions or concerns about her ability or desire to breastfeed, it is critical that she consult with a health care professional before making any decision.

The WHO and most physicians recommend that infants be given breast-milk exclusively for the first six months of life and that mothers continue to breastfeed their children until they are at least two years old. Young children are usually introduced to complementary,

semi-solid or solid foods at about six months of age, depending upon the specific nutritional needs of the child.

Doesn't feeding infants infant formula lead to greater morbidity and mortality?

According to figures released by UNICEF in September 2007, global child deaths have reached a record low, falling below 10 million per year to 9.7 million, down almost 13 million in 1990. This has occurred as breastfeeding rates and use of infant formula—which in many cases has replaced dangerous substitutes—have increased.

Malnutrition has been responsible, either directly or indirectly, for 60 percent of the 10.9 million deaths annually among children under five according to the WHO Global Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding. Well over two-thirds of these deaths are associated with inappropriate breast-milk substitutes including rice water and mixtures of sugar water and cornstarch water with whole cow's milk, rather than infant formula.

Unfortunately, malnutrition among infants and young children is still prevalent, particularly in developing countries. Malnourished children who are not breastfed frequently do not receive infant formula either. Rather, they are fed dangerous substitutes including rice water and mixtures of sugar water or cornstarch water with whole cow's milk.

According to UNICEF, breastfeeding globally has increased by 15 percent over the past 25 years. Rates have increased during the last decade, with up to a 48 percent increase in exclusive breastfeeding in some regions. The use of infant formula has also increased during this time, replacing the use of dangerous substitutes.

IFM emphasizes that infant formula feeding should only be undertaken if it is affordable, sustainable and able to be safely prepared.